Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases in the world.Despite all its complexity, there are methods that allow it to greatly facilitate human life.First, it is necessary to observe a certain diet.
If adheres to properly prescribed nutrition, diabetes will not affect the good of good, and also, the probability of various types of complications is reduced, including heart attack, stroke, etc.
Types of diets
Diet in diabetes is determined depending on the type of disease itself and the age category.Therefore, there are general principles to build adequate nutrition, which are adjusted on the basis of individual indicators of the human body.
Since it is impossible to cure the disease, to reduce the danger of it, a certain menu is prescribed.The use of adequate foods at a clearly specified moment is necessary for:
- reduce the risks of chronic and acute complications;
- maintain good health and relatively strong immunity;
- avoiding a set of excess weight or get rid of it;
- Blood sugar preservation in allowed limits.
There are two types of diabetes.The first in other words is called insulin dependent.Its development is associated with the injury and death of cells in the pancreas and is responsible for insulin production.
With it, food aims to maintain the insulin therapy process and it is rather an additional method of control over the disease.Their principles are similar to those that healthy people adhere to achieve a good figure and well.
The main difference is the need to calculate the number of carbohydrates.Since the treatment of 1 type of diabetes consists in taking insulin, it must monitor what percentage in the daily diet is administered to carbohydrates.As a rule, it should not be more than 60%.
Since type 2 diabetes, it also depends on insulin, develops in obese people, consequently, the dietary diet is first.In the initial stage of the disease or easy, the meaning is in a rational form of excess weight.
When diabetes of this type reaches medium or even severe, in addition to the diet, taking medications aimed at reducing blood sugar or insulin levels.It is worth noting that in such cases, special attention should be paid to physical effort.Thanks to them, such a problem as obesity can be solved without surgical intervention.
The most popular diets are the 8 and 9 table that are like this.The eighth dietary table is applicable to those who suffer from overweight or tend to complete.The ninth is based on determining the diet for diabetics.
Diet No. 9 for diabetes
Diet No. 9 is considered therapeutic and prescribed to normalize metabolism (carbohydrates).Its objective aims to prevent violations associated with fat metabolism.Its calorie content should not exceed 2500 kcal.
A similar diet is characterized as follows:
- The calorie content must be reduced by using animal fats and carbohydrates, which are easily absorbed (except for sweets and sugar);
- partial restriction or complete exclusion of cholesterol and salt;
- more consumption of more vitamins and fiber;
- The protein content must be within the standard.
The basis of all useful diets, including the novena, is the right food.It is often necessary to eat in small portions.In total, the frequency must be 5 or 6 times a day.
Fry or stewed dishes should eat as little as possible or completely forget about them.First, it must bake and boil.It is better to develop a menu for a week, because it will be easier to monitor this.Special preference should be given to the following products:
- low fat meat;
- low fat;
- vegetables that do not contain more than 5% carbohydrates;
- fruits (not all);
- Natural drinks without sugar.
As for condiments and eggs, their consumption must be limited.This is especially true for egg yolks.The number of proteins per day should not exceed 1.5 pieces.In addition to the fact that it is necessary to exclude sweets from the menu for diabetes, which also prohibits pasta, butter and dough in layers, pickled vegetables.
It is categorically impossible to consume bananas, dates, figs, grapes and all its derivatives.The same applies to fats such as pork, ram and beef.To obtain the necessary fats, you must use butter (without salt) and vegetables in moderation.
Diet No. 9 acts as the basis used by prescribing the necessary nutrition.Depending on the personal indicators of a person suffering from diabetes, it fits.There are several types of diets that can be combined and find an adequate option for you.
What is a bread unit?
Since the meaning in adequate nutrition for diabetics is to consume carbohydrates in certain quantities, you should know how that appreciated standard is determined, in which it depends on how much and what products you need to eat.
All products that include carbohydrates, various physical properties, calorie content, etc.The usual measurement method is not subject to these characteristics.In addition, diabetes nutrition requires greater control over your own daily norm.
To make it easier to determine how much this or that product needs to eat and not go beyond what is allowed, the nutritionists introduced the term "bread unit".The concept applies in cases where an insulin is prescribed diabetics.
With such a measure, it is much easier for a person to understand what can be eaten and drink, and what is impossible.Cumulate your healthy menu based on personal indicators, and you can also change some products to others that contain carbohydrates.
As a general rule, in one day a person must consume 18 to 25 of those units.As there should be five meals, it is logically rational to distribute this amount in all times.The main "dose" must enter the body in the morning.To monitor the amount of bread units consumed, you can paint the day menu.
How many calories consume per day?
The diabetes diet requires abandoning many products and dishes that could previously enter the daily diet.However, do not confuse foods that allow normalizing sugar levels with the necessary to lose additional kilo.
The diabetes power supply to the first type is aimed precisely to correctly calculate how much insulin is needed.The calorie content in this case does not play such an important role.It must be monitored not to gain weight.
Type 2 diabetes really requires greater control over the calories consumed, since it often develops precisely in the context of obesity.However, it is not worth taking them to the calculation to fanaticism.
The number of calories per day is calculated depending on the individual indicators of the body.The diet itself must be low cost, but does not imply a complete absence of carbohydrates.It is necessary to eat, but it is important not to eat in excess.
When the question arises, what can be eaten with type 2 diabetes, many believe that it should sit in almost just cookies and water.This is categorically impossible.The food must be complete, which contains vitamins and fiber.
There are several recipes of delicious, satisfactory and at the same time useful dishes that will not allow to improve, but at the same time a person will be full of strength and energy.What specific products should be consumed and what approximate number of calories are allowed per day, stipulated with your doctor.
Useful and harmful products
Diets low in carbohydrates are different.For a healthy person, they are less strict than for those who have diabetes diagnosis.But its meaning is the same.They vary in the main list of products that are divided into healthy and harmful to diabetics.
Useful
- All types of vegetables;
- Green (spinach, acedera, dill);
- fungus;
- Meat and fish (low fat);
- coffee and tea;
- mineral water.
Harmful
Moderately raising sugar:
- dad;
- cereals;
- pasta, even solid varieties;
- SOUR -Milk products.
Raising sugar strongly:
- sweets;
- Honey;
- Drinks with sugar;
- alcohol;
- grapes and their derivatives;
- Sharmed and salty condiments.
Such a product division is generally accepted and is often based when a diabetes menu is developed.But what is useful for one can be harmful to the other.As everything is relative, an individual diet is compiled for each diabetic.
How to eat with obesity
There is an opinion that to lose weight, it is necessary to adhere to a strict low calorie diet.But the fact is that this does not work.Numerous studies have shown that with a decrease in the heat of their diet, with the exception of a constant feeling of hunger until hungry fainting, nervousness and other things, nothing else happens.
With such diet, it will be possible to lose weight literally a few kilograms, but at the same time the body was distinguished by elasticity and good muscles, then this is all that will leave everything in the first place.Subcutaneous fats will not go anywhere, and sometimes, on the contrary, they will accumulate even more.
Protein diet implies active protein consumption and a parallel decrease in the amount of fats and carbohydrates.The focus itself is not bad, but there are also nuances here.Again, it is impossible to exaggerate with proteins, and is completely prohibited from the fats of the diet.The absence of carbohydrates will lead to a loss of vital energy.
As a result, everything is reduced to a low carbohydrate diet again.By itself, it is necessary to reduce sugar.In weight loss, she is not a lifeguard, but of all those presented it is the best.Its merit is that all the necessary elements that are needed to maintain a vital activity fall into the body.
Therefore, when there is a rational amount of natural fats, proteins and carbohydrates, there is no need to make deposits.Metabolism begins to function as a clock, there is no chronic hunger sensation, the symptoms of the disease practically disappear and a person becomes more active.
Type 1 diabetes diet
To maintain the normal state of the body in type 1 diabetes, the same low carbohydrates diet is necessary.But in this case, it should be strict.The table number does not play a special role here, although diet No. 9 is often taken as a base.
The problem is that even the action of insulin is very different, therefore, it is quite difficult to normalize the indicators.That is why it is necessary to adhere to a certain nutrition.The least carbohydrates enter the body, less insulin needs.
It should be understood that your own diet is interconnected with the personal dose of insulin.Therefore, when developing your menu, you must take into account the amount of the medication.It is better to paint it for day to continue.
Type 2 diabetes diet
Since type 2 diabetes is less complicated than the first type, the diet is necessary to get rid of excess weight and prevent it in the future.Again, the low carbohydrate diet is also recommended.Of course, this is an approximate diet that fits.Its meaning in the normalization of glucose and blood insulin, as well as in control over insulin resistance.
Some practice taking several tablets to lose weight and treatment with popular remedies.The first must be forgotten in general, since in the best case there will be no use of these drugs.
The popular remedies, as a rule, consist of any infusion and herbal decoctions.If you really understand healing plants, then it may be possible to do some of this, but this is not worth doing.
Renal failure
In the context of the disease, renal failure can be developed.It should be understood that it is not caused by food protein, as many believe erroneously, but by an increase in blood sugar.
The active development of this ailment is suspended when the glucose level is normalized.The diet helps this.The squirrels of the diet are not excluded, but with carbohydrates you need to work.Proper nutrition, available to common people, can even lead to the fact that kidneys will recover completely.
However, if the process takes to the extreme, then there will be no return to the healthy kidneys.In addition, in this case, the low carbohydrate diet can accelerate the destructive process.In order not to bring to this, you must monitor your condition, and the table created for yourself will help control the power where the dishes and insulin doses are painted, if necessary.
Other important points
Diabetes can develop at any age.In children, it can arise in the context of the fact that there were excess with flour, sweet, etc.Having discovered the problem over time and starting to solve it correctly, complications can be avoided.
In women, the disease can occur for several reasons.Constant tensions, abundant nutrition (mainly harmful products), as well as inactivity can cause overweight and, as a result, type 2 diabetes.
Very often there is a situation in which the disease arose during pregnancy.This is due to violations in the hormonal background.In addition, a woman during this period can actively consume products that can cause diabetes.
As a general rule, a less strict diet acts for pregnant women, which aims to normalize the processes in the body and partially reduce weight, but without damage to the fetus.
With gestational diabetes or diabetes in the context of pregnancy, strict nutrition should only be specified with a specialist.The diet must be adjusted taking into account the fact that there is a parallel development of the fetus.By excluding any product, you can damage the unborn child.
In men, type 2 diabetes develops a little less often than in women.This is due to the fact that they have an accelerated metabolism something.But harmful foods, alcohol addiction and insignificant physical activity, will easily lead to such a problem.